Qanat Water Supply
Gently sloping underground galleries with vertical shafts that tap aquifers and deliver groundwater by gravity to settlements and fields.
Core metadata
- ID: qanat_water_supply
- Era: Classical
- First known date: -1000 (millennium)
- Region: Iran / ancient Persia; later spread across arid Asia and North Africa
- Review status: source_checked
- Maturity: established
Prerequisites
Dependents
- None.
Fields
Field lanes
- Water & Sanitation Systems: Supply & Storage
- Civil Engineering & Built Environment: Water & Sanitation Infrastructure
Node sources
- Qanat (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2026, textbook) • Supports: node, maturity
Prerequisite edge evidence
Edge/source evidence summary:
- Prerequisite edges: 3
- Average edge confidence: 75%
- Prerequisite sources: 3
- expert_inference: 1
- textbook: 2
| Prerequisite | Type | Confidence | Evidence level | Note | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wells & Cisterns (wells_and_cisterns) | historical_predecessor | 74% | textbook | Qanats tap underground water sources and belong to a family of earlier groundwater supply practices. |
|
| Surveying (surveying) | required | 74% | expert_inference | A gently sloping tunnel system over kilometres requires alignment and gradient control. |
|
| Hydraulics (hydraulics) | required | 76% | textbook | Gravity-fed underground channels are the defining hydraulic mechanism of qanat water supply. |
|
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